Present Indefinite Tense Active Passive Voice
Today I will teach you to make active and passive in the present indefinite tense in Hindi. I hope that after reading this post, it will not just become easy but very easy for you to make passive from active voice.
Active voice and passive voice are two different ways to structure a sentence in terms of the relationship between the subject and the action being performed.
In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. For example, in the sentence "The dog chased the cat," the subject (the dog) is performing the action (chasing the cat).
- She watches TV every evening.
- George drinks coffee in the evening.
- Ramesh teaches Sohan.
- She writes a letter every day.
- I read this book daily.
In passive voice, the subject of the sentence is not performing the action but is instead receiving the action. The focus is on the action itself rather than the doer. For example, in the sentence "The cat was chased by the dog," the subject (the cat) is receiving the action (being chased by the dog).
- TV is watched by her every evening.
- Coffee is drunk by George in the evening.
- Sohan is taught by Ramesh.
- A letter is written by her every day.
- This book is read daily by me.
Active to Passive बनाने से पहले Active voice sentence को चेक करें, कि यह Transitive Verb हैं या Intransitive Verb.
What are the differences between a transitive and an intransitive verb?
1. Transitive verb:
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs act on an object, meaning that the action or effect of the verb is carried out on something or someone.
Example: "She bought a book." (The verb "bought" requires an object, which is "a book" in this sentence.)
और
Just ask questions like 'What' and 'Whom' from the verb given in the active voice sentence. अगर आपको जवाब में कुछ मिलता है, तो वह verb transitive है और उसका Passive Voice इस तरह बनाया जा सकता है Example
मैं एक पत्र लिखता हूं। क्या लिखता हूं। ‘ एक पत्र‘ यह वाक्य का'Object – कर्म'है, इससे यह पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में'Transitive ‘Verb'का‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है ;
It is not necessary that every transitive verb has an object; if there is no object, then we use it there, like:
मैं पसंद करता हूँ । (I like.)'like'' It is a transitive verb, but no ‘object’ is used with it. Therefore, while forming its passive voice, 'It' can be used in place of the object—it is liked by me.
2. Intransitive Verb:
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs do not act on an object; they express an action or state that does not need an object to make sense.
Example: "He **slept**." (The verb "slept" does not require an object to complete its meaning.)
Whereas you can identify 'Intransitive Verb' by asking questions like 'Where', 'When', and 'How', like:
He went to Canada. Where did he go in Canada? This shows that in this sentence, ‘intransitive verb’ has been used, so this active voice sentence cannot be made into passive voice.
Present Continuous tense, active passive voice, helping verbs
Here are the various forms of the helping verb "to be" in the present tense:
- am (I am)
- is (he,she,it, names)
- are (you,we,they)
There are six types of present-indefinite-tense active-passive voice.
1. Affirmative Sentences
2. Negative Sentences
3. Interrogative Sentences
4. Interrogative with Negative Sentences
5. W.H. Interrogative Sentences
6. W.H. interrogative negative sentences
1. Affirmative (सकारात्मक वाक्य) इसमें (प्रसन्न) का उपयोग नहीं होता और (ना) उपयोग नहीं होता। Do not use (not), and neither is anyone a question.
Rule of Present indefinite tense active voice:
Active voice rule:
Rule: subject + verb (first form) + s/es + object.
- Sumit teaches Sunita.
- I read this book daily.
- I write a letter.
- She sings a song.
- The teacher explains the lesson to the students.
- The students study hard for the exam.
- The workers clean the office every day.
- I drive this car.
- They speak Spanish in the class.
- The gardener waters the plants regularly.
Passive voice rule:
Rule: object + is/am/are + verb third form + other word + by + subject.
Present Indefinite Tense Active and Passive Examples:
- सबसे पहले Object आता है।
- उसके बाद is/am/are+ verb की third form आती है।
- उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- और उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: Sumit teaches Sunita.
Passive: Sunita is taught by Sumit.
Active: I read this book daily.
Passive: This book is read daily by me.
Active: I write a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by me.
Active: She sings a song.
Passive: A song is sung by her.
Active: The teacher explains the lesson to the students.
Passive: The lesson is explained to the students by the teacher.
Active: The students study hard for the exam.
Passive: The exam is studied hard by the students.
Active:The workers clean the office every day.
Passive: The office is cleaned every day by the workers.
Active: I drive this car.
Passive: This car is driven by me.
Active: They speak Spanish in the class.
Passive: Spanish is spoken in the class by them.
Active: The gardener waters the plants regularly.
Passive: The plants are watered regularly by the gardener.
2. Negative sentence: (नकारात्मक वाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में (नहीं) का प्रयोग होता है उन्हें negative sentences कहा जाता है The sentences in which (not) is used are called negative sentences.
Negative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: subject + do/does not + verb (first form) + object + other word.
- I do not read this book daily.
- She does not clean the room.
- He does not fix the car.
- She does not complete the assignment.
- You do not help me.
- She does not eat apples.
- They do not play football.
- He does not watch TV.
- We do not speak Spanish.
- I do not write a letter.
Negative passive voice rule:
Rule: Object + is/am/are + not + verb third form + other word + by + subject.
- सबसे पहले object आता है।
- उसके बाद object Helping Verb 'is not/am not/are not आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: I do not read this book daily.
Passive: This book is not read by me daily.
Active: She does not clean the room.
Passive: The room is not cleaned by her.
Active: He does not fix the car.
Passive: The car is not fixed by him.
Active: She does not complete the assignment.
Passive: The assignment was not completed by her.
Active: You do not help me.
Passive: I am not helped by you.
Active: She does not eat apples.
Passive: Apples are not eaten by her.
Active: They do not play football.
Passive: Football is not played by them.
Active: He does not watch TV.
Passive: TV is not watched by him.
Active: We do not speak Spanish.
Passive: Spanish is not spoken by us.
Active: I do not write a letter.
Passive: A letter is not written by me.
3. Interrogative sentence: (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में questions का प्रयोग किया जाता है उन्हें हम प्रश्नवाचक कहते हैं। Questions are used in those sentences; we call them interrogative.
Interrogative दो तरह के होते हैं; (Yes-No Type और Wh-word Type) इन्हें बनाने के लिए वाक्य के प्रारंभ में Helping Verbs का प्रयोग करते हैं या प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (Question Words) का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Yes/No type questions
यदि वाक्य क्या से प्रारंभ प हो तो उसका उत्तर आप हां या ना में कर सकते हो। इन्हें बनाते समय 'क्या' शब्द की अंग्रेजी वाक्य में नहीं लगते हैं। इसकी जगह Subject अनुसार Helping Verb 'Do या Does' रखते हैं।
Interrogative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: Do/Does + subject + verb first form + object + other words +?
- Do you speak Spanish at the institute?
- Do they watch movies every weekend?
- Do you play football in the park?
- Does she cook dinner in the evening?
- Do they deliver the mail every day?
Interrogative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: Is/Am/Are + object + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
- सबसे पहले object के अनुसार is/am/are आएगा।
- उसके बाद object आएगा।
- object के बाद main verb की third form आएगी।
- उसके बाद यदि अन्य शब्द आते हैं तो उन्हें रखा जाता है
- फिर by आता है।
- फिर subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: Do you speak Spanish at the institute?
Passive: Is Spanish spoken at the institute by you?
Active: Do they watch movies every weekend?
Passive: Are movies watched every weekend by them?
Active: Do you play football in the park?
Passive: Is football played by you in the park?
Active: Does she cook dinner in the evening?
Passive: Is dinner cooked in the evening by her?
Active: Do they deliver the mail every day?
Passive: Is the mail delivered every day by them?
4. Interrogative with Negative Sentences
यह Interrogative की तरह ही है यदि active voice वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Subject के बाद not का उपयोग किया जाता है और यदि passive voice वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो object के बाद not का उपयोग किया जाता है।
Interrogative Negative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: Do / Does + subject + not + verb I + object + other words +?
- Do they not drive this car?
- Does she not like you?
- Do you not cook dinner?
- Does he not clean the house?
- Does she not teach math?
- Do you not speak French?
- Do you not read books?
- Do we not watch movies?
- Does she not write stories?
- Do they not play football?
Interrogative Negative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: Is/Am/Are + object + not + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों में समझे।
Active: Do they not drive this car?
Passive: Is this car not driven by them?
Active: Does she not like you?
Passive: Are you not liked by her?
Active: Do you not cook dinner?
Passive: Is dinner not cooked by you?
Active: Does he not clean the house?
Passive: Is the house not cleaned by him?
Active: Does she not teach math?
Passive: Is math not taught by her?
Active: Do you not speak French?
Passive: Is French not spoken by you?
Active: Do you not read books?
Passive: Are books not read by you?
Active: Do we not watch movies?
Passive: Are movies not watched by us?
Active: Does she not write stories?
Passive: Are stories not written by her?
Active: Do they not play football?
Passive: Is football not played by them?
5. W.H. Interrogative Sentences
The use of questions comes first in any sentence, or the sentence in which you cannot answer yes or no; that sentence is a (WH) sentence. For example:
- Why do you laugh?
- Why do you fly kites?
- When do you go to the park?
- Why do you lie?
- When does Sunita go to sleep?
इस प्रकार के वाक्य को आपको उत्तर कुछ ना कुछ देना ही पड़ेगा सिर्फ हां या ना से काम नहीं चलेगा।
What, When, Why, Where, Whom, Which, Whose, Who, How, How Much, How Many, How Far?
W.H. Interrogative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: (WH) questions + do/does + subject + verb I + object + other words +?
- Why do you speak Spanish there?
- What do you do?
- Who teaches English in this school?
- Why do you play the guitar?
- What time do the shops open?
W.H. Interrogative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: (WH) questions + is/am/are + object + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
- सबसे पहले W.H. words आएगा।
- उसके बाद is/am/are में से एक आएगा।
- उसके बाद object आएगा।
- उसके बाद Verb की third form आएगी।
- उसके बाद यदि अन्य शब्द आते हैं तो उन्हें रखा जाता है
- फिर by आता है।
- फिर subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: Why do you speak Spanish there?
Passive: Why is Spanish spoken there by you?
Active: What do you do?
Passive: What is done by you?
Active: Who teaches English in this school? Passive: By whom is English taught in this school?
Active: Why do you play the guitar?
Passive: Why is the guitar played by you?
Active: What time do the shops open?
Passive: What time are the shops open?
6. W.H. interrogative negative sentences
यह W.H. Interrogative Negative Sentences की तरह ही है यदि active voice वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Subject के बाद not का उपयोग किया जाता है और यदि passive voice वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो object के बाद not का उपयोग किया जाता है।
W.H. Interrogative Negative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: (WH) Questions + Do / Does + Subject + Not + Verb I + Object + Other Words +?
Example:
- What did you not cook today?
- Why do they not attend the meeting?
- What does she not eat?
- Why do you not play football?
- Who doesn’t play cricket?
W.H. Interrogative Negative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: (WH) questions + is/am/are + object + not + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
Example:
Active: What did you not cook today?
Passive: What was not cooked today by you?
Active: Why do they not attend the meeting?
Passive: Why was the meeting not attended by them?
Active: What does she not eat?
Passive: What is not eaten by her?
Active: Why do you not play football?
Passive: Why is the football played by you?
Active: Who doesn’t play cricket?
Passive: By whom is not cricket played?