Past Perfect Tense Active Passive Voice
Today I will teach you to make active and passive past perfect tenses through Hindi. I hope that after reading this post, it will not just become easy but very easy for you to make passive from active voice.
Active voice and passive voice are two different ways to structure a sentence in terms of the relationship between the subject and the action being performed.
In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. For example, in the sentence "The dog chased the cat," the subject (the dog) is performing the action (chasing the cat).
- She had finished her homework before her friends arrived.
- The mechanic had repaired the car before it broke down again.
- They had already eaten by the time we got to the restaurant.
- He had completed the project before the deadline.
- The team had won all their matches before the championship game.
In passive voice, the subject of the sentence is not performing the action but is instead receiving the action. The focus is on the action itself rather than the doer. For example, in the sentence "The cat was chased by the dog," the subject (the cat) is receiving the action (being chased by the dog).
- The homework had been finished before her friends arrived.
- The car had been repaired by the mechanic before it broke down again.
- Dinner had already been eaten by the time we got to the restaurant.
- The project had been completed before the deadline.
- All the matches had been won by the team before the championship game.
Active to Passive बनाने से पहले Active voice sentence को चेक करें, कि यह Transitive Verb हैं या Intransitive Verb.
What are the differences between a transitive and an intransitive verb?
1. Transitive verb:
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs act on an object, meaning that the action or effect of the verb is carried out on something or someone.
Example: "She **bought** a book." (The verb "bought" requires an object, which is "a book" in this sentence.)
और
Just ask questions like 'What' and 'Whom' from the verb given in the active voice sentence. अगर आपको जवाब में कुछ मिलता है, तो वह verb transitive है और उसका Passive Voice इस तरह बनाया जा सकता है Example
मैं एक किताब पढ़ चुका था। 'क्या पढ़ चुका था''एक किताब‘ यह वाक्य का'Object – कर्म'है, इससे यह पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में'Transitive ‘Verb'का‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है ;
It is not necessary that every transitive verb has an object; if there is no object, then we use it there, like:
मैं देख चुका था। (I had seen it.) ‘seen‘ It is a transitive verb, but no ‘object’ is used with it. Therefore, while forming its passive voice, 'It' can be used in place of the object—it had been seen by me.
2. Intransitive Verb:
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs do not act on an object; they express an action or state that does not need an object to make sense.
Example: "He **slept**." (The verb "slept" does not require an object to complete its meaning.)
Whereas you can identify 'Intransitive Verb' by asking questions like 'Where', 'When', and 'How', like:
On asking What and Whom from a verb, we always get an object, whereas on asking Where, When, and How, we get an adverb.
There are six types of past perfect tense.
1. Affirmative Sentences
2. Negative Sentences
3. Interrogative Sentences
4. Interrogatives with Negative Sentences
5. W.H. Interrogative Sentences
6. W.H. interrogative negative sentences
1. Affirmative Sentences
Affirmative (सकारात्मक वाक्य) इसमें (प्रसन्न) का उपयोग नहीं होता और (ना) उपयोग नहीं होता। Do not use (not), and neither is anyone a question.
Rule of the Past: Perfect Tense Active
Active voice rule:
Rule: subject + had + verb third form + object + other words.
Examples:-
- The chef had prepared the meal before the guests arrived.
- The workers had completed the project by the time the deadline passed.
- The teacher had taught the lesson before the students came to class.
- The team had won the championship before the end of the season.
- The company had delivered the package before the storm hit.
- Amanda found you stealing my book.
- Sofia had helped me solve this problem.
- Sunita had done the work.
- The boys had won the match before noon.
- She had prepared something special for me.
Passive voice rule:
Rule: object + had + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject.
- सबसे पहले object आता है।
- उसके बाद had आता है।
- उसके बाद been आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: The chef had prepared the meal before the guests arrived.
Passive: The meal had been prepared by the chef before the guests arrived.
Active: The workers had completed the project by the time the deadline passed.
Passive: The project had been completed by the workers by the time the deadline passed.
Active: The teacher had taught the lesson before the students came to class.
Passive: The lesson had been taught by the teacher before the students came to class.
Active: The team had won the championship before the end of the season.
Passive: The championship had been won by the team before the end of the season.
Active: The company had delivered the package before the storm hit.
Passive: The package had been delivered by the company before the storm hit.
Active: Amanda had found you stealing my book.
Passive: You had been found stealing my book by Amanda.
Active: Sofia had helped me solve this problem.
Passive: I had been helped to solve this problem by Sofia.
Active: Sunita had done the work.
Passive: The work had been done by Sunita.
Active: The boys had won the match before noon.
Passive: The match had been won before noon by the boys.
Active: She had prepared something special for me.
Passive: Something special had been prepared for me by her.
2. Negative Sentences
Negative sentence: (नकारात्मक वाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में (नहीं) का प्रयोग होता है उन्हें negative sentences कहा जाता है The sentences in which (not) is used are called negative sentences.
Negative active voice rule:
Rule: subject + had + not + verb third form + object + other words.
Examples:-
- Sofia had not told me a story.
- Mark had not repaired this car before you went.
- He had not played football.
- She had not completed the project before the deadline.
- They had not eaten breakfast when I arrived.
- He had not finished his homework before his parents came home.
- She had not written the report by the end of the day.
- The company had not delivered the goods on time as promised.
- He had not bought the tickets before they sold out.
- She had not signed the contract before the deal fell through.
Negative passive voice rule:
Rule: Object + had + not + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject.
- सबसे पहले object आता है।
- उसके बाद had आता है।
- उसके बाद not आता है।
- उसके बाद been आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: Sofia had not told me a story.
Passive: A story had not been told to me by Sofia.
Active: Mark had not repaired this car before you went.
Passive: This car had not been repaired by Mark before you went.
Active: He had not played football.
Passive: A football had not been played by him.
Active: She had not completed the project before the deadline.
Passive: The project had not been completed before the deadline.
Active: They had not eaten breakfast when I arrived.
Passive: Breakfast had not been eaten when I arrived.
Active: He had not finished his homework before his parents came home.
Passive: His homework had not been finished before his parents came home.
Active: She had not written the report by the end of the day.
Passive: The report had not been written by the end of the day.
Active: The company had not delivered the goods on time as promised.
Passive: The goods had not been delivered on time as promised.
Active: He had not bought the tickets before they sold out.
Passive: The tickets had not been bought before they sold out.
Active: She had not signed the contract before the deal fell through.
Passive: The contract had not been signed before the deal fell through.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentence (प्रश्नवाचकवाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में questions का प्रयोग किया जाता है उन्हें हम प्रश्नवाचक कहते हैं। Questions are used in those sentences; we call them interrogative.
Interrogative दो तरह के होते हैं; (Yes-No Type और Wh-word Type) इन्हें बनाने के लिए वाक्य के प्रारंभ में Helping Verbs का प्रयोग करते हैं या प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (Question Words) का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Yes/No type questions
यदि वाक्य क्या से प्रारंभ हो तो उसका उत्तर आप हां या ना में कर सकते हो। इन्हें बनाते समय 'क्या' शब्द की अंग्रेजी वाक्य में नहीं लगते हैं। इसकी जगह Active/Passive Subject अनुसार Helping Verb "had" use करते हैं।
Interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: had + subject + verb third form + object other words +?
- Had he done his homework before you went?
- Had they driven this car?
- Had she washed the clothes?
- Had she completed the assignment before the deadline?
- Had he eaten lunch before the meeting started?
Interrogative passive voice rule:
Rule: had + object + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले had आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद been आएगा।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Had he done his homework before you went?
Passive: Had the homework been done before you went by him?
Active: Had they driven this car?
Passive: Had this car been driven by them?
Active: Had she washed the clothes?
Passive: Had the clothes been washed by her?
Active: Had she completed the assignment before the deadline?
Passive: Had the assignment been completed before the deadline by her?
Active: Had he eaten lunch before the meeting started?
Passive: Had lunch been eaten by him before the meeting started?
4. Interrogatives with Negative Sentences
यह Interrogative sentence की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
Interrogative Negative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: had + subject + not + verb third form + object?
Examples:-
- Had they not driven this car?
- Had she not washed the clothes?
- Had he not finished the work before the deadline?
- Had she not seen that movie before it was screened in cinemas?
- Had they not completed the project by the time I arrived?
Interrogative Negative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: had + object + not + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
यह Interrogative sentence की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले had आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद not आएगा।
- उसके बाद been आएगा।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Had they not driven this car?
Passive: Had this car not been driven by them?
Active: Had she not washed the clothes?
Passive: Had the clothes not been washed by her?
Active: Had he not finished the work before the deadline?
Passive: Had the work not been finished before the deadline?
Active: Had she not seen that movie before it was screened in cinemas?
Passive: Had the movie not been seen by her before it was screened in cinemas?
Active: Had they not completed the project by the time I arrived?
Passive: Had the project not been completed by the time I arrived?
5. W.H. Interrogative Sentences
The use of questions comes first in any sentence, or the sentence in which you cannot answer yes or no; that sentence is a (WH) sentence. For example:-
इस प्रकार के वाक्य को आपको उत्तर कुछ ना कुछ देना ही पड़ेगा सिर्फ हां या ना से काम नहीं चलेगा।
(WH) Questions: What, When, Why, Where, Whom, Which, Whose, Who, How, How Much, How Many, How Far?
W.H. interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: WH Question + had + subject + verb third form + object + other word +?
Examples:-
- Who had spoken it?
- Who had completed the project?
- What had she written in her journal?
- Where had they hidden the treasure?
- How had they prepared the meal?
W.H. interrogative passive voice rule:
Rule: W.H. questions + had + object + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले W.H. words आएगा।
- उसके बाद had आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद been आएगा।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Who had spoken it?
Passive: By whom had it been spoken?
Active: Who had completed the project?
Passive: By whom had the project been completed?
Active: What had she written in her journal?
Passive: What had been written in her journal by her?
Active: Where had they hidden the treasure?
Passive: Where had the treasure been hidden by them?
Active: How had they prepared the meal?
Passive: How had the meal been prepared by them?
6. W.H. interrogative negative sentences
यह W.H Interrogative Sentences की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
W.H. interrogative negative active voice rule:
Rule: WH Question + had + subject + not verb third form + object + other word +?
Examples:-
- Why had he not cooked food?
- What had he not done for you?
- Who had not spoken it?
- What had she not written in her journal?
- Why had you not forgotten to call me?
W.H. interrogative negative passive voice rule:
W.H. questions + had + object + (not) + been + verb third form + other Word + by + subject +??
Active: Why had he not cooked food?
Passive: Why had food not been cooked by him?
Active: What had he not done for you?
Passive: What had not been done for you by him?
Active: Who had not spoken it?
Passive: By whom had it not been spoken?
Active: What had she not written in her journal?
Passive: What had not been written in her journal by her?
Active: Why had you not forgotten to call me?
Passive: Why had I not forgotten to be called by you?