Past Indefinite Tense Active Passive Voice
Today I will teach you to make active and passive past indefinite tense in Hindi. I hope that after reading this post, it will not just become easy but very easy for you to make passive from active voice.
Active voice and passive voice are two different ways to structure a sentence in terms of the relationship between the subject and the action being performed.
In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. For example, in the sentence "The dog chased the cat," the subject (the dog) is performing the action (chasing the cat).
- He sang a song.
- She wrote a letter.
- They painted the walls.
- The mechanic fixed the car.
- The students completed their homework.
In passive voice, the subject of the sentence is not performing the action but is instead receiving the action. The focus is on the action itself rather than the doer. For example, in the sentence "The cat was chased by the dog," the subject (the cat) is receiving the action (being chased by the dog).
- A song was sung by him.
- A letter was written by her.
- The walls were painted by them.
- The car was fixed by the mechanic.
- The homework was completed by the students.
Active to Passive बनाने से पहले Active voice sentence को चेक करें, कि यह Transitive Verb हैं या Intransitive Verb.
What are the differences between a transitive and an intransitive verb?
1. Transitive verb:
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs act on an object, meaning that the action or effect of the verb is carried out on something or someone.
Example: "She **bought** a book." (The verb "bought" requires an object, which is "a book" in this sentence.)
और
Just ask questions like 'What' and 'Whom' from the verb given in the active voice sentence. अगर आपको जवाब में कुछ मिलता है, तो वह verb transitive है और उसका Passive Voice इस तरह बनाया जा सकता है Example
मै एक किताब पढ़ लिया। 'क्या पढ़ लिया' ‘एक किताब‘ यह वाक्य का'Object – कर्म'है, इससे यह पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में'Transitive ‘Verb'का‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है ;
It is not necessary that every transitive verb has an object; if there is no object, then we use it there, like:
मैं देखता था। (I watched) ‘watched‘ It is a transitive verb, but no ‘object’ is used with it. Therefore, while forming its passive voice, 'It' can be used in place of the object: It was watched by me.
2. Intransitive Verb:
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs do not act on an object; they express an action or state that does not need an object to make sense.
Example: "He **slept**." (The verb "slept" does not require an object to complete its meaning.)
Whereas you can identify 'Intransitive Verb' by asking questions like 'Where', 'When', and 'How', like:
He used to come here. Where did he come? ‘Here’ shows that ‘Intransitive Verb’ has been used in this sentence, so this active voice sentence will not be made into passive voice.
On asking What and Whom from a verb, we always get an object, whereas on asking Where, When, and How, we get an adverb.
Present perfect tense, active passive voice Helping Verbs.
- I was
- He, she, it, name—was
- We, you, and they were
There are six types of past indefinite tense.
- Affirmative Sentences
- Negative Sentences
- Interrogative Sentences
- Interrogatives with Negative Sentences
- W.H. Interrogative Sentences
- W.H. Interrogative Negative Sentences
1. Affirmative Sentences
Affirmative (सकारात्मक वाक्य) इसमें (प्रसन्न) का उपयोग नहीं होता और (ना) उपयोग नहीं होता। Do not use (not), and neither is anyone a question.
Rule of the Past Indefinite Tense Active Voice:
Active voice rule:
Rule: subject + verb, second form + object + other words.
Examples:-
- Sofia told a story to her brother.
- I completed his homework yesterday.
- George watched this movie two days ago.
- The teacher punished the students.
- They built a new house.
- She wrote a beautiful song.
- We visited the museum yesterday.
- He painted the fence blue.
- They found the lost cat.
- George called Sofia this morning.
Passive voice rule:
Rule: object + was/were + v3 + other word + by + subject.
- सबसे पहले object आता है।
- उसके बाद was/were आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: Sofia told a story to her brother.
Passive: A story was told to her brother by Sofia.
Active: I completed his homework yesterday.
Passive: His homework was completed by me yesterday.
Active: George watched this movie two days ago.
Passive: This movie was watched two days ago by George.
Active: The teacher punished the students.
Passive: The students were punished by the teacher.
Active: They built a new house.
Passive: A new house was built by them.
Active: She wrote a beautiful song.
Passive: A beautiful song was written by her.
Active: We visited the museum yesterday.
Passive: The museum was visited by us yesterday.
Active: He painted the fence blue.
Passive: The fence was painted blue by him.
Active: They found the lost cat.
Passive: The lost cat was found by them.
Active: George called Sofia this morning.
Passive: Sofia was called by George this morning.
2. Negative sentences
Negative sentence: (नकारात्मक वाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में (नहीं) का प्रयोग होता है उन्हें negative sentences कहा जाता है The sentences in which (not) is used are called negative sentences.
Negative active voice rule:
Rule: Subject + did not + verb first form + object + other words
Examples:-
- I did not read this book daily.
- Mark did not love his father.
- We did not clean the room.
- He did not fix the computer.
- I did not send the email.
- He did not buy the book.
- They did not finish the project.
- We did not watch the movie.
- She did not cook dinner.
- I did not write the report.
Negative passive voice rule:
Rule: Object + was/were + not + verb 3 + other word + by + subject
- सबसे पहले object आता है।
- उसके बाद was/were आता है।
- उसके बाद not आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: I did not read this book daily.
Passive: This book was not read daily by me.
Active: Mark did not love his father.
Passive: His father was not loved by Mark.
Active: We did not clean the room.
Passive: The room was not cleaned by us.
Active: He did not fix the computer.
Passive: The computer was not fixed by him.
Active: I did not send the email.
Passive: The email was not sent by me.
Active: He did not buy the book.
Passive: The book was not bought by him.
Active: They did not finish the project.
Passive: The project was not finished by them.
Active: We did not watch the movie.
Passive: The movie was not watched by us.
Active: She did not cook dinner.
Passive: Dinner was not cooked by her.
Active: I did not write the report.
Passive: The report was not written by me.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentence (प्रश्नवाचकवाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में questions का प्रयोग किया जाता है उन्हें हम प्रश्नवाचक कहते हैं। Questions are used in those sentences; we call them interrogative.
Interrogative दो तरह के होते हैं; (Yes-No Type और Wh-word Type) इन्हें बनाने के लिए वाक्य के प्रारंभ में Helping Verbs का प्रयोग करते हैं या प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (Question Words) का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Yes/No type questions
यदि वाक्य क्या से प्रारंभ हो तो उसका उत्तर आप हां या ना में कर सकते हो। इन्हें बनाते समय 'क्या' शब्द की अंग्रेजी वाक्य में नहीं लगते हैं। इसकी जगह Active/Passive Subject अनुसार Helping Verb "did" या "was/were" use करते हैं।
Interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: Did + subject + verb first form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Did you speak French in the class?
- Did he watch this movie?
- Did he paint the house?
- Did she write the email?
- Did you send the package?
Interrogative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: Was/Were + object + V3 + Other Word + by + Subject +?
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले Object के अनुसार was/were आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Did you speak French in the class?
Passive: Was French spoken in the class by you?
Active: Did he watch this movie?
Passive: Was this movie watched by him?
Active: Did he paint the house?
Passive: Was the house painted by him?
Active: Did she write the email?
Passive: Was the email written by her?
Active: Did you send the package?
Passive: Was the package sent by you?
4. Interrogatives with Negative Sentences
यह Interrogative sentence की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
Interrogative Negative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: Did + subject + not + verb first form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Did the teacher not explain the lesson to the students?
- Did the team not win the match last week?
- Did the chef not bake the cake yesterday?
- Did the mechanic not fix the car last weekend?
- Did the artist not paint the portrait yesterday?
Interrogative Negative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: Was/Were + object + not + V3 + Other Word + by + Subject +?
यह Interrogative sentence की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले Object के अनुसार was/were आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद not आएगा।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Did the teacher not explain the lesson to the students?
Passive: Was the lesson not explained to the students by the teacher?
Active: Did the team not win the match last week?
Passive: Was the match not won by the team last week?
Active: Did the chef not bake the cake yesterday?
Passive: Was the cake not baked by the chef yesterday?
Active: Did the mechanic not fix the car last weekend?
Passive: Was the car not fixed by the mechanic last weekend?
Active: Did the artist not paint the portrait yesterday?
Passive: Was the portrait not painted by the artist yesterday?
5. W.H. Interrogative Sentences
The use of questions comes first in any sentence, or the sentence in which you cannot answer yes or no; that sentence is a (WH) sentence. For example:
- What did you do?
- Why did you fly kites?
- When did you go to the park?
- Why did you lie?
- When did Sunita go to sleep?
इस प्रकार के वाक्य को आपको उत्तर कुछ ना कुछ देना ही पड़ेगा सिर्फ हां या ना से काम नहीं चलेगा।
(WH) Questions: What, When, Why, Where, Whom, Which, Whose, Who, How, How Much, How Many, How Far?
W.H. interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: (WH) questions + did + subject + verb first form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Why did you speak Spanish there?
- What did you watch?
- When did they finish the project?
- What did the teacher teach?
- Who wrote this letter?
W.H. interrogative passive voice rule:
Rule W.H. questions + was/were + object + v3 + other Word + by + subject +?
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले W.H. words आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object के अनुसार was/were आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Why did you not speak Spanish there?
Passive: Why was Spanish not spoken there by you?
Active: What did you watch?
Passive: What was watched by you?
Active: When did they finish the project?
Passive: When was the project finished?
Active: What did the teacher teach?
Passive: What was taught by the teacher?
Active: Who did write this letter?
Passive: By whom was this letter written?
6. W.H. interrogative negative sentences
यह W.H Interrogative Sentences की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
W.H. interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: (WH) Questions + Did + Subject + Not + Verb first form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Why did you not speak Spanish there?
- What did you not discuss in my absence?
- When did he not call you?
- Who did not invite you to the party?
- Why did he not call you back?
W.H. interrogative active voice rule:
Rule W.H. questions + was/were + object + not + v3 + other Word + by + subject +?
Active: Why did you not speak Spanish there?
Passive: Why was Spanish not spoken there by you?
Active: What did you not discuss in my absence?
Passive: What was not discussed in my absence?
Active: When did he not call you?
Passive: When were you not called?
Active: Who did not invite you to the party?
Passive: Why were you not invited to the party?
Active: Why did he not call you back?
Passive: Why were you not called back by him?