Present Perfect Tense Active Passive Voice
Today I will teach you to make active and passive present perfect tenses through Hindi. I hope that after reading this post, it will not just become easy but very easy for you to make passive from active voice.
Active voice and passive voice are two different ways to structure a sentence in terms of the relationship between the subject and the action being performed.
In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. For example, in the sentence "The dog chased the cat," the subject (the dog) is performing the action (chasing the cat).
- He has written a letter.
- She has cooked dinner.
- We have painted the walls.
- I have finished my homework.
- The company has launched a new product.
- A letter has been written by him.
- Dinner has been cooked by her.
- The walls have been painted by us.
- My homework has been finished by me.
- A new product has been launched by the company.
Active to Passive बनाने से पहले Active voice sentence को चेक करें, कि यह Transitive Verb हैं या Intransitive Verb.
What are the differences between a transitive and an intransitive verb?
1. transitive verb:
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs act on an object, meaning that the action or effect of the verb is carried out on something or someone.
Example: "She **bought** a book." (The verb "bought" requires an object, which is "a book" in this sentence.)
और
Just ask questions like 'What' and 'Whom' from the verb given in the active voice sentence. अगर आपको जवाब में कुछ मिलता है, तो वह verb transitive है और उसका Passive Voice इस तरह बनाया जा सकता है Example
मैं एक किताब पढ़ चुका हूं। क्या पढ़ चुका हूं। ‘ एक किताब‘ यह वाक्य का'Object – कर्म'है, इससे यह पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में'Transitive ‘Verb'का‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है ;
It is not necessary that every transitive verb has an object; if there is no object, then we use it there, like:
मैं देख चुका हूँ। (I have seen)'seen'' It is a transitive verb, but no ‘object’ is used with it. Therefore, while forming its passive voice, 'It' can be used in place of the object. It has been seen by me.
2. Intransitive Verb:
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require an object to complete its meaning.
These verbs do not act on an object; they express an action or state that does not need an object to make sense.
Example: "He **slept**." (The verb "slept" does not require an object to complete its meaning.)
Whereas you can identify 'Intransitive Verb' by asking questions like 'Where', 'When', and 'How', like:
He has come here; where has he come ‘here’? This shows that in this sentence, ‘intransitive verb’ has been used, so this active voice sentence cannot be made into passive voice.
On asking What and Whom from a verb, we always get an object, whereas on asking Where, When, and How, we get an adverb.
Present perfect tense, active passive voice Helping Verbs
In the present perfect tense, "have" and "has" are used as auxiliary verbs to indicate the tense. The choice between "have" and "has" depends on the subject of the sentence.
"Have: Present Perfect Tense: "Have" is used with first person (I) and plural subjects (you, we, they) to form the present perfect tense. For example:-
Examples:
- I have just finished my assignment.
- You have visited that tajmahal.
- We have watched the movie.
- They have eaten dinner.
Present Perfect Tense: "Has" is used with the third-person singular subjects (he, she, it, name) to form the present perfect tense. For example:-
Examples:
- He has eaten lunch.
- She has travelled to many countries.
- The cat has scratched the sofa.
- The company has announced a new product.
There are six types of present perfect tense.
- Affirmative Sentences
- Negative Sentences
- Interrogative Sentences
- Interrogatives with Negative Sentences
- W.H. Interrogative Sentences
- W.H. Interrogative Negative Sentences
1.Affirmative Sentences
Affirmative (सकारात्मक वाक्य) इसमें (प्रसन्न) का उपयोग नहीं होता और (ना) उपयोग नहीं होता। Do not use (not), and neither is anyone a question.
Rule of the Present Perfect Tense Active Voice:
Active voice rule:
Rule: Subject + (have/has) + Verb third form + object + other words.
Examples:-
- She has sung a song.
- She has completed the project.
- They have painted the walls.
- He has written the report.
- He has fixed the car.
- They have cleaned the house.
- The students have completed the project.
- The chef has cooked a delicious meal.
- I have read this book.
- They have booked the tickets.
Passive voice rule:
Rule: object + has/have + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject.
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले object आता है।
- उसके बाद object अनुसार have/has आता है।
- उसके बाद been आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: She has sung a song.
Passive: A song has been sung by her.
Active: She has completed the project.
Passive: The project has been completed by her.
Active: They have painted the walls.
Passive: The walls have been painted by them.
Active: He has written the report.
Passive: The report has been written by him.
Active: He has fixed the car.
Passive: The car has been fixed by him.
Active: They have cleaned the house.
Passive: The house has been cleaned by them.
Active: The students have completed the project.
Passive: The project has been completed by the students.
Active: The chef has cooked a delicious meal.
Passive: A delicious meal has been cooked by the chef.
Active: I have read this book.
Passive: This book has been read by me.
Active: They have booked the tickets.
Passive: The tickets have been booked by them.
2. Negative Sentences
Negative sentence - (नकारात्मक वाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में (नहीं) का प्रयोग होता है उन्हें negative sentences कहा जाता है The sentences in which (not) is used are called negative sentences.
Negative active voice rule:
Rule: Subject + (have/has) + not + Verb third form + object + other words.
Examples:-
- She has not finished her homework yet.
- He has not seen the movie.
- We have not eaten dinner.
- They have not cleaned the house.
- The company has not released the new product.
- You have not finished the work.
- She has not eaten a mango.
- He has not completed his homework.
- We have not cleaned the house.
- We have not repaired the car.
Negative passive voice rule:
Rule: object + (has/have) + not + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले object आता है।
- उसके बाद object अनुसार have/has आता है।
- उसके बाद not आता है।
- उसके बाद been आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: She has not finished her homework yet.
Passive: The homework has not been finished by her yet.
Active: He has not watched the movie.
Passive: The movie has not been watched by him.
Active: We have not eaten dinner.
Passive: Dinner has not been eaten by us.
Active: They have not cleaned the house.
Passive: The house has not been cleaned by them.
Active: The company has not released the new product.
Passive: The new product has not been released by the company.
Active: You have not finished the work.
Passive: The work has not been finished by you.
Active: She has not eaten a mango.
Passive: A mango has not been eaten by her.
Active: He has not completed his homework.
Passive: His homework has not been completed by him.
Active: We have not cleaned the house.
Passive: The house has not been cleaned by us.
Active: We have not repaired the car.
Passive: The car has not been repaired by us.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentence (प्रश्नवाचकवाक्य) जिन वाक्यों में questions का प्रयोग किया जाता है उन्हें हम प्रश्नवाचक कहते हैं। Questions are used in those sentences; we call them interrogative.
Interrogative दो तरह के होते हैं; (Yes-No Type और Wh-word Type) इन्हें बनाने के लिए वाक्य के प्रारंभ में Helping Verbs का प्रयोग करते हैं या प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (Question Words) का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Yes/No type questions
यदि वाक्य क्या से प्रारंभ प हो तो उसका उत्तर आप हां या ना में कर सकते हो। इन्हें बनाते समय 'क्या' शब्द की अंग्रेजी वाक्य में नहीं लगते हैं। इसकी जगह Active/Passive Subject अनुसार Helping Verb "have/has" use करते हैं।
Interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: (have/has) + subject + verb third form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Have you watched this TV at home?
- Have the workers finished the project?
- Have you spoken English at home?
- Has he completed the homework?
- Have you written the report?
- Have they painted the walls?
- Has she prepared the presentation?
Interrogative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: Has/Have + object + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले Object के अनुसार has/have आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद been आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Have you watched this TV at home?
Passive: Has this TV been watched at home by you?
Active: Have the workers finished the project?
Passive: Has the project been finished by the workers?
Active: Have you spoken English at home?
Passive: Has English been spoken at home by you?
Active: Has he completed the homework?
Passive: Has the homework been completed by him?
Active: Have you written the report?
Passive: Has the report been written by you?
Active: Have they painted the walls?
Passive: Have the walls been painted by them?
Active: Has she prepared the presentation?
Passive: Has the presentation been prepared by her?
Interrogative negative sentences
यह Interrogative की तरह ही है यदि active voice वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Subject के बाद not का उपयोग किया जाता है और यदि passive voice वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो object के बाद not का उपयोग किया जाता है।
Interrogative Negative Active Voice Rule:
Rule: (have/has) + subject + not + verb third form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Haven't they completed the project yet?
- Haven't you seen that movie before?
- Hasn't she finished her homework?
- Haven't we visited Delhi recently?
- Haven't you tried Pizza before?
Interrogative Negative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: Has/Have + object + not + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
यह Interrogative sentence की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले Object के अनुसार has/have आएगा।
- और उसके बाद not आएगा।
- उसके बाद Object आएगा।
- उसके बाद been आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:-
Active: Haven't they completed the project yet?
Passive: Hasn't the project been completed yet?
Active: Haven't you seen that movie before?
Passive: Hasn't the movie been seen by you before?
Active: Hasn't she finished her homework?
Passive: Hasn't her homework been finished?
Active: Haven't we visited Delhi recently?
Passive: Hasn't Delhi been visited by us recently?
Active: Haven't you tried pizza before?
Passive: Hasn't pizza been tried by you before?
5. W.H. Interrogative Sentences
The use of questions comes first in any sentence, or the sentence in which you cannot answer yes or no; that sentence is a (WH) sentence. For example:-
- Why have you flown a kite?
- Why have you gone to the park?
- Which book have you read?
- Who has invited you?
- Where has your sister gone?
इस प्रकार के वाक्य को आपको उत्तर कुछ ना कुछ देना ही पड़ेगा सिर्फ हां या ना से काम नहीं चलेगा।
What, When, Why, Where, Whom, Which, Whose, Who, How, How Much, How Many, How Far?
W.H. interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: (WH) questions + (has/have) + subject + verb third form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Who has worked well?
- Where have you kept my notebook?
- Why has he bought this bike?
- When have you finished the project?
- Who has written the letter?
W.H. interrogative passive voice rule:
Rule: W.H. question + has/have + object + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
Examples:-
- सबसे पहले W.H. words आएगा।
- उसके बाद (have/has) आएगा।
- उसके बाद object आएगा।
- उसके बाद been आता है।
- उसके बाद verb की third form आती है।
- और उसके बाद अगर sentence में कोई शब्द हो तो उसे लिखते हैं।
- उसके बाद by आता है।
- उसके बाद subject आता है।
- वाक्य के अंत में Question mark (? ) का प्रयोग होता है।
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को समझें:
Active: Who has worked well?
Passive: By whom has it worked well?
Active: Where have you kept my notebook?
Passive: Where has my notebook been kept by you?
Active: Why has he bought this bike?
Passive: Why has this bike been bought by him?
Active: When have you finished the project?
Passive: When has the project been finished?
Active: Who has written the letter?
Passive: By whom has the letter been written?
6. W.H. interrogative negative sentences
यह W.H Interrogative Sentences की तरह ही है यदि वाक्य मे नहीं (not) आए तो Active voice में Subject के बाद not उपयोग करें, और Passive voice में Object के बाद not उपयोग का किया जाता है।
W.H. Interrogative active voice rule:
Rule: (WH) questions + (has/have) + subject + not + verb third form + object + other words +?
Examples:-
- Why have you not watched this movie?
- Why has he not bought this bike?
- Who has not broken the glass?
- Who has not submitted the project yet?
- Why have you not spoken Spanish there?
W.H. Interrogative Passive Voice Rule:
Rule: W.H. question + has/have + object + not + been + verb third form + other word + by + subject +?
Example:
Active: Why have you not watched this movie?
Passive: Why has this movie not been watched by you?
Active: Why has he not bought this bike?
Passive: Why has this bike not been bought by him?
Active: Who has not broken the glass?
Passive: By whom has the glass not been broken?
Active: Who has not submitted the project yet?
Passive: By whom has the project not been submitted yet?
Active: Why have you not spoken Spanish there?
Passive: Why has Spanish not been spoken there by you?